After the rise of Islam and the Arab conquests, Arabic became the dominant language in large portions of the world. 600 AD: LATIN was the Only Language Allowed for Scripture. This was essential to the success of the Reformation. By the 1580's, the Roman Catholic Church saw that it had lost the battle to suppress the will of God: that His Holy Word be available in the English language. Miles Coverdale did not know Hebrew. The timeline, created by Charlie Campbell, the founder of ABR, gives you the year (or approximate time) of several major events in the Bible. Hus was burned at the stake in 1415, with Wycliffe’s manuscript Bibles used as kindling for the fire. Title: Bible-Flowchart2.PDF Author: jdg Created Date: 8/23/2002 11:13:29 AM Seven editions of this version were printed between April of 1539 and December of 1541. Principles of Bible Translation Five key principles guided the preparation of the New World Translation. While Noah Webster, just a few years after producing his famous Dictionary of the English Language, would produce his own modern translation of the English Bible in 1833; the public remained too loyal to the King James Version for Webster’s version to have much impact. 54. In the 16th century when Tyndale first translated the New Testament into modern English, the western world was only beginning to rediscover biblical Greek. often jokingly refer to it as the “Nearly Inspired Version”, but that has not stopped it from becoming the best-selling modern-English translation of the Bible ever published. America was founded upon the Geneva Bible, not the King James Bible. Since the time of Erasmus and his revisers, scholars have had the chance to compare. Many of them met in Geneva, led by Myles Coverdale and John Foxe (publisher of the famous Foxe's Book of Martyrs, which is to this day the only exhaustive reference work on the persecution and martyrdom of Early Christians and Protestants from the first century up to the mid-16th century), as well as Thomas Sampson and William Whittingham. 1388 John Purvey revises Wycliffe Bible. Still, Erasmus' Greek New Testament was a vital tool in the hands of the Reformer's to produce their vernacular translations. However, while Jesus most likely spoke Aramaic, most of the New Testament was originally written in Greek. It is new, and hence not on the charts; yet it probably wouldn’t be best to include it anyway. Rather than continue to resist and punish Bible translation, the state actually commissioned the first official, authorized version of the English Bible, which was first published in 1539. As mentioned above, the Christian community produced an Arabic translation from the Greek Septuagint. After the Babylonian exile, the dominant language among the Jews in and around their homeland began to shift from Hebrew to Aramaic.8 Hebrew and Aramaic are extremely similar languages, and it seems almost surprising that an Aramaic translation was needed at all.9 Indeed, the Aramaic did not supplant the Hebrew, which continued to be read aloud in worship.10 The Aramaic was the contemporary vernacular of the people, however, and so Aramaic translations were produced to aid in comprehension and application of the sacred text.11 We don't know when written Aramaic Targums were first produced, but our earliest manuscripts go back as early as the second century BC.12, In addition to the Jewish Targums, the Samaritans also produced an Aramaic translation of the Torah.13 The Samaritan Targum is generally regarded as a more plain, literal translation while many of the Jewish Targums were often somewhat interpretive.14. ; Circa B.C. It is the intention of our Compare Bible Verses by Translation pages to allow users to study Bible verses using more than one translation and version. It has all the Bibles in an Interlinear and Parallel Bible format, and an English/Greek analysis for each verse. All Bible translations can be found on the spectrum from “Word-for-Word” thru “Thought-for-Thought” and all the way to Paraphrase. With the help of his followers, called the Lollards, and his assistant Purvey, and many other faithful scribes, Wycliffe produced dozens of English language manuscript copies of the scriptures. As Christians, we must be very careful to make intelligent and informed decisions about what translations of the Bible we choose to read. While many Protestants are quick to assign the full blame of persecution to the Roman Catholic Church, it should be noted that even after England broke from Roman Catholicism in the 1500’s, the Church of England (The Anglican Church) continued to persecute Protestants throughout the 1600’s. 1885 AD: The "English Revised Version" Bible; The First Major English Revision of the KJV. 1560 AD: The Geneva Bible Printed; The First English Language Bible to add Numbered Verses to Each Chapter (80 Books). He was commended by President George Washington for providing Americans with Bibles during the embargo of imported English goods due to the Revolutionary War. Is the Bible trustworthy as a historical document? But it comes down to what you are reading it for. Salvation through faith, not works or donations, would be understood. * The above chart is taken from Fee, Gordon D., and Mark L. Strauss, How to Choose a Translation for All Its Worth: A Guide to Understanding and Using Bible Versions (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2007), pp. Be not thou offended therefore, good readers, though one call a scribe that another calleth a lawyer."75. The availability of the scriptures in English was the biggest threat imaginable to the wicked church. This comparison chart is here to help visualize the differences between various Bible translations. New American Standard Bible. Our starting point in this discussion of Bible history, however, is the advent of the scripture in the English language with the “Morning Star of the Reformation”, John Wycliffe. 1526: Tyndale New Testament: Tyndale: … Not all new translations are good… and some are very bad. The Lifespan of the Biblical Patriarchs before the flood was considerably longer than that of those after the flood - ConformingToJesus.com 200 BC: Completion of the Septuagint Greek Manuscripts which contain The 39 Old Testament Books AND 14 Apocrypha Books. In the 1490’s another Oxford professor, and the personal physician to King Henry the 7th and 8th, Thomas Linacre, decided to learn Greek. Since then, the Bible has been translated into many more languages. The early Christians did not expect all Coptic Christians of all dialects to learn to use one universal Coptic translation, but rather produced translations in each of the major dialects.35. The Bible is the holy scripture of the Christian religion, purporting to tell the history of the Earth from its earliest creation to the spread of Christianity in the first century A.D. 1782 AD: Robert Aitken's Bible; The First English Language Bible (KJV) Printed in America. From the beginning, the New Testament was built on the necessity of translation. Creation - B.C. Bible translation and bible versions timeline. SORT BY. Luther, who would be exiled in the months following the Diet of Worms Council in 1521 that was designed to martyr him, would translate the New Testament into German for the first time from the 1516 Greek-Latin New Testament of Erasmus, and publish it in September of 1522. It seems that Coverdale's viewpoint has prevailed in our era. Gentile Christians knew nothing of Hebrew, and so the Septuagint was their Bible. It was also widely-accepted and embraced by churches throughout America for many decades as the leading modern-English version of the Bible. or N.A.S.). The marginal notes, which were vehemently against the institutional Church of the day, did not rest well with the rulers of the day. The Church of England had various theological factions who could easily agree on the accuracy of a common translation but would not have readily united around a common set of study notes, which would necessity interpret disputed passages in one way or another and alienate someone. The more the King and Bishop resisted its distribution, the more fascinated the public at large became. The only way to obtain a true, unaltered, 1611 version is to either purchase an original pre-1769 printing of the King James Bible, or a less costly facsimile reproduction of the original 1611 King James Bible. The murderous history of Bible translations. 1516 AD: Erasmus Produces a Greek/Latin Parallel New Testament. Greek manuscripts were not readily available in the Latin West, but an affordable printed edition of the complete Greek New Testament had very recently become available primarily through the labor of a man named Desiderius Erasmus. All Bible translations can be found on the spectrum from “Word-for-Word” thru “Thought-for-Thought” and all the way to Paraphrase. 1526 AD: William Tyndale's New Testament; The First New Testament printed in the English Language. Probably in the late first or the second century AD15 but certainly before the fourth century,16, the Old Testament was also separately translated into a prominent eastern dialect of Aramaic known as Syriac. Number of Translators. His first act was to further defy the wishes of Rome by funding the printing of the scriptures in English… the first legal English Bible… just for spite. 500 BC: Completion of All Original Hebrew Manuscripts which make … was designed not for “word-for-word” accuracy, but rather, for “phrase-for-phrase” accuracy, and ease of reading even at a Junior High-School reading level. Christian Standard Bible (CSB) – This is a significantly less popular version than some on this list … The first hand-written English language Bible manuscripts were produced in the 1380's AD by John Wycliffe, an Oxford professor, scholar, and theologian. After the time of Alexander the Great, Greek became the common language of much of the ancient world. Punctuation is used differently. God foiled their plans, and in 1525-1526 the Tyndale New Testament became the first printed edition of the scripture in the English language. On The Passion Translation of the Bible website, the publisher offers a comparison between the NIV and TPT translations of Galatians 2:15–21. This chart makes no assessment as to the quality of each translation and, in fact, includes some translations with strong Roman Catholic bias (e.g. The History of Rome - Brief Overview Of Roman History from Her Dawn to the First Punic War. King Henry acted essentially as its “Pope”. or N.A.S.B. This first chart is for “literal” translations. There, with the protection of the great theologian John Calvin (author of the most famous theological book ever published, Calvin’s Institutes of the Christian Religion)and John Knox, the great Reformer of the Scottish Church, the Church of Geneva determined to produce a Bible that would educate their families while they continued in exile. Instead, the original translations of the Bible were written in mostly Hebrew and Aramaic for the Old Testament, and Koine Greek for the New Testament.So why is this confusing?Well, the English versions of the Bible that we are reading are mere translations of the original text.It’s best to think of the different translations of the Bible … It is The Passion Translation (TPT) by Brian Simmons. When the Reformation began through men like Martin Luther, they quickly recognized the need to make the Word of God available in the languages spoken by everyday Christians. As noted earlier, Christians translated the Old Testament from the Septuagint into Latin, and probably at a very early date.20 In the fourth century, however, a scholar named Jerome became convinced that it was important to produce a fresh Latin translation directly from the Hebrew.21 Jerome relied on the assistance of Jewish scholars.22 Because all translation is to some degree interpretation, this cooperation concerned some of Jerome's Christian contemporaries. Bible Translation Guide. Because of this, the portions of the Old Testament translated by him and retained in the Matthew and Great Bibles were translations of translations. One risked death by burning if caught in mere possession of Tyndale's forbidden books. The Anglican Church, now under Queen Elizabeth I, reluctantly tolerated the printing and distribution of Geneva version Bibles in England. The margins were utilized, however, to occasionally note alternative readings where a difficult word might be better translated another way or where the Greek texts utilized by the translators might disagree. William Shakespeare quotes hundreds of times in his plays from the Geneva translation of the Bible. Acts 22:1-21 presents a speech of Paul that it explicitly says he gave in the "Hebrew dialect," but it records the speech in a Greek translation so that the reader can understand it. Let’s be ever mindful that we are not called to worship the Bible. The Bible has been translated into far more languages than any other book. VERSE COMPARISON CHART. Dan has an Associate degree in Commercial Art with almost 25 years in the … His motives were more sinister… but the Lord sometimes uses the evil intentions of men to bring about His glory. Despite 19 editions being printed between 1568 and 1606, this Bible, referred to as the “rough draft of the King James Version”, never gained much of a foothold of popularity among the people. The Geneva Bible itself retains over 90% of William Tyndale's original English translation. No sympathy for this “illegal activity” was to be found from Rome… even as the words of Pope Leo X's declaration that "the fable of Christ was quite profitable to him" continued through the years to infuriate the people of God. The Tabernacle of Ancient Israel - Brief Overview of the Tabernacle of Moses in the Wilderness and the Ark of the Covenant. Bible Infographics. 1500-1400 - The stone tablets of the Ten Commandments are given to Moses at Mount Sinai and later stored in the Ark of the Covenant. In a very real way, the publication of the Geneva Bible marked the beginning of the modern printed Bible as we now know it. It is truly the “Bible of the Protestant Reformation.”. the First Complete English Catholic Bible; Translated from the Latin Vulgate (80 Books). Nevertheless, the King James Bible turned out to be an excellent and accurate translation, and it became the most printed book in the history of the world, and the only book with one billion copies in print. Biblical translation, the art and practice of rendering the Bible into languages other than those in which it was originally written. However, they did not want the controversial marginal notes (proclaiming the Pope an Anti-Christ, etc.). They serve, in a sense, as commentaries on one another to help explain the meaning of passages that may be difficult in one. Also notes if apocrypha is available or if using gender neutral language. In a single glance, the chart reveals ancient documents, early translations, and the people who gave their lives to translate and print the Bible, including William Tyndale, John Wycliffe, King James, Erasmus, and Johann Gutenberg. Monarchs changed and soon most of the exiled scholars returned to their English homelands. TPT). Bible by publishing the nearly-identical American Standard Version (A.S.V.) This is referred to as The Vulgate Bible. 1,400 BC: The first written Word of God: The Ten Commandments delivered to Moses. But we will not boast of authority we do not have. William Tyndale was the Captain of the Army of Reformers, and was their spiritual leader. 1535 AD: Myles Coverdale's Bible; The First Complete Bible printed in the English Language (80 Books: O.T. It seem that Tynedale's religious background was influenced in part from the small groups of Christians who were still surviving in the west of England. Ethiopain Man reads his version of the Bible. He taught that only those who The Geneva Bible became the Bible of choice for over 100 years of English speaking Christians. If you have any issues, please call the office at 385-246-1048 or email us at info@carm.org. The Armenian language first developed an alphabet around 406 AD.36 An Armenian translation of the entire Bible existed by 414.37 Early Christians were obviously very zealous about bringing the Scriptures into the languages of the people. Coverdale finished translating the Old Testament, and in 1535 he printed the first complete Bible in the English language, making use of Luther's German text and the Latin as sources. Bible Translation and Bible Versions Timeline is something a christian must know. Very difficult to read and understand. In 2004 I asked myself the question, Where did the Bible we read today come from? They took into consideration: The Tyndale New Testament, The Coverdale Bible, The Matthews Bible, The Great Bible, The Geneva Bible, and even the Rheims New Testament. Translation Comparison Chart from Zondervan (with their spin, slightly modified) Version: Reading Level. It would seem that William Tyndale's last wish had been granted...just three years after his martyrdom. The Old Testament Scriptures of the Hebrew Bible were brought into other common languages for centuries before the coming of Jesus Christ, and indeed were a great help to the early church. This is not an exact chart, rather an overview to see which translations are more literal and which ones focus on the main ideas. The widespread popularity of this modern-English translation brought with it another curious characteristic: the absence of the 14 Apocryphal books. and is rapidly gaining popularity for its readability and accuracy. Examination of the 1611 King James Bible shows clearly that its translators were influenced much more by the Geneva Bible, than by any other source. John Wycliffe was in many ways a forerunner to the Protestant Reformation. 500 AD: Scriptures have been Translated into Over 500 Languages. The History of Bible Translation - Modern Translations - In the Middle English Period (ca. Both were King James Versions, with All 80 Books. In time, as the English language changed, however, such early translations fell into disuse. Those near the top try to translate each Greek and Hebrew word literally, and as close as possible to the original word order. Although the first Bible printed in America was done in the native Algonquin Indian Language by John Eliot in 1663; the first English language Bible to be printed in America by Robert Aitken in 1782 was a King James Version. Clearly it is not God’s will that we over-react to SOME of the bad modern translations, by rejecting ALL new translations and “throwing the baby out with the bathwater”. It was meant to appeal to a broader (and in some instances less-educated) cross-section of the general public. In the mid-1400s, the Bible started to be translated into European languages more widely. Translation of portions of the New Testament into Syriac may go back as early as the second century AD.28 Syriac Gospels and other texts are clearly being cited by eastern Christian writers by the fourth century.29 The Translation was clearly widespread and well used, as we have found Syriac New Testament Manuscripts not only in and around Syria but as far east as India and China.30, Similar to the Syriac, the Latin translation of the New Testament is very early, possibly as early as the second century and certainly by the third.31 The Latin dialect used in early Christian translations and other writings contains vocabulary so different from classical, literary Latin works that some scholars once speculated that Christians had practically invented their own language. Purpose of the work was to update the American Standard Version into more current English. This study tool can help people see how different translations and versions have interpreted the original Greek and Hebrew languages. & N.T. Ironically, though he had created what many believe to be the most important invention in history, Gutenberg was a victim of unscrupulous business associates who took control of his business and left him in poverty. 1611 AD: The King James Bible Printed; Originally with All 80 Books. He taught against the papacy, the idolatry of the mass, relics, and prayers to saints. The New American Standard Bible is a literal translation from the original texts, well suited to study because of its accurate rendering of the source texts. The church declared it contained thousands of errors as they torched hundreds of New Testaments confiscated by the clergy, while in fact, they burned them because they could find no errors at all. After King Henry VIII, King Edward VI took the throne, and after his death, the reign of Queen “Bloody” Mary was the next obstacle to the printing of the Bible in English. View key Bible passages side-by-side to compare the CSB to the HCSB, NIV, ESV, NLT, and KJV. The churches of the Protestant Reformation produced numerous translations into the languages of Europe, such as the German Luther Bible (1522), the Polish Brest Bible (1563), the Spanish “Biblia del Oso” (1569), the Czech Melantrich Bible (1549), the French d’Étaples translation (1530), Dalmatin’s Slovene translation (1578), and Chyliński’s Lithuanian Bible (1659), among others.53. ; Circa B.C. Biblical translation was clearly a high priority. In the 1530’s he would go on to publish the entire Bible in German. From 1607 to 1609 the work was assembled. People would begin to challenge the church's authority if the church were exposed as frauds and thieves. Instead, they are printed in italics.) Both the Old and New Testaments have a long history of translation. For that one interpreteth something obscurely in one place, the same translateth another, or else he himself, more manifestly by a plain vocable of the same meaning in another place. History of Bible Translation Green Valley Chapel United Methodist Church ^ | by Rev. A proposal was brought to the King to authorize and commission a new, official translation of the Bible to update and replace the Bishop's Bible.66 The king agreed, in part, because he was displeased with perceived "anti-monarchial" slants in some of the study notes in the Geneva Bible.67 The Geneva Bible was still the most popular English Translation, and the king hoped that the new translation would succeed in replacing it. It was, in these few places, a Greek translation of a Latin translation of a Greek original. 1384 AD: Wycliffe is the First Person to Produce a (Hand-Written) manuscript Copy of the Complete Bible; All 80 Books. Published in 1971. Gutenberg’s Bibles were surprisingly beautiful, as each leaf Gutenberg printed was later colorfully hand-illuminated. 1380-1382 John Wycliffe and associates make first translation of the whole Bible into English. 1560: The Geneva Bible: GNV: First English Bible translated entirely from the original languages. ; Circa B.C. VERSE COMPARISON CHART. Their original intent was to keep the basic wording of the King James to appeal to King James Version loyalists, while only changing the most obscure words and the Elizabethan “thee, thy, thou” pronouns. English Bible translations also have a rich and varied history of more than a millennium. NRSV: New Revised Standard Version Bible, Division of the National Council of … & Apocrypha). Indeed, after Christians embraced and so effectively used the Septuagint for their own teaching, worship, and evangelism, the Jews rejected it and sought to produce new Greek editions to suit their own community's needs.2 Even these, however, are often classified by some scholars as revisions of the Septuagint rather than new "from scratch" translations.3. The Bible was written and preserved for the benefit of all believers, and those believers needed access to it in their native tongues. Because it was translated at the Roman Catholic College in the city of Rheims, it was known as the Rheims New Testament (also spelled Rhemes). It went through a nearly identical second-edition printing in 1549. NAB and the Knox Bible) or Protestant sectarian bias (e.g. Bible Translations Comparison Chart Word for Word Translations Reading Level Description Interlinear 12 + The original Masoretic (Jewish) text in Hebrew and Greek. William Tyndale wanted to use the same 1516 Erasmus text as a source to translate and print the New Testament in English for the first time in history. 1833 AD: Noah Webster's Bible; After Producing his Famous Dictionary, Webster Printed his Own Revision of the King James Bible. Fortunately for Colet, he was a powerful man with friends in high places, so he amazingly managed to avoid execution. In 1535, the Coverdale Bible was published, becoming the first complete Bible in modern English.60 Shortly afterward in 1537, a man named John Rogers (who himself would afterward die a martyr for his convictions), released a Bible under the pseudonym, "Thomas Matthew." Based on the existence of composite manuscripts, Christians seem to have also either produced or adopted Arabic translations of some portions of the Old Testament directly from the Hebrew.25 The 9th-century Jewish Scholar, Saadia Gaon, also produced an Arabic translation of the Old Testament from the Hebrew as well.26 Additionally, the Samaritans produced an Arabic translation from the Hebrew text for their community.27 Thus, in Arabic as in all the dominant languages before it, we see the ancient importance placed on having an understandable translation available in the tongue most worshippers actually spoke. English Bible translations also have a rich and varied history of more than a millennium. Over the centuries since then, we have learned much about these languages we did not know back then. The Old Testament was written primarily in Hebrew with small parts in Aramaic. Which one do you choose to study … It doesn't cover every English translation, choosing to focus on a majority of modern best sellers. The ebb and flow of freedom continued through the 1540's...and into the 1550's. Another damaging and needless change is the diluting of 1st Timothy 3:16 from “God was manifest in the flesh” in the King James Bible, to “He appeared in the flesh” in the New International Version (NIV). A more literal translation can be useful when doing an in-depth study of a passage. 1st Century AD: Completion of All Original Greek Manuscripts which make up The 27 Books of the New Testament...... Timeline of Bible Translation History/How We Got the English Versions of the Bible. This "translation to end all translations" (for a while at least) was the result of the combined effort of about fifty scholars. Due to a passage in Genesis describing the clothing that God fashioned for Adam and Eve upon expulsion from the Garden of Eden as "Breeches" (an antiquated form of "Britches"), some people referred to the Geneva Bible as the Breeches Bible. It follows the style of the King James Version but uses modern English for words that have fallen out of use or changed their meanings. Timeline of Bible Translation History/How We Got the English Versions of the Bible . There are multiple reasons for the proliferation of new translations, but the primary three are that: Miles Coverdale, the associate of William Tyndale who translated both the Coverdale and Great Bibles and was also involved in the committee for the Geneva Bible, once noted: "Sure I am that there cometh more knowledge and understanding of the Scriptures by their sundry translations than by all the glosses of our sophistical doctors. For full treatment, see biblical literature: A typographical discrepancy in Ruth 3:15 rendered a pronoun "He" instead of "She" in that verse in some printings. Dan currently pastors 3 congregations in Wisconsin (Milwaukee, Oshkosh and Wisconsin Dells). The Bible was not only for people wealthy and educated enough to read Latin or Scholarly enough to know the original Greek and Hebrew. The veneration of church-canonized Saints and Mary would be called into question. The goal was to communicate the meaning of the ancient texts as accurately as possible to the modern reader. Rather, it teaches us that history is progress-ing—in a linear manner—through God-ordained happenings that are moving this world toward the goal of the glorification of God for all eternity. 'S viewpoint has prevailed in our era were produced so individuals could have their personal... The rise of Islam and the Arab conquests, Arabic translations of Galatians.... 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