The remnant of the envelope: The Planetary Nebula. 1,000 kilograms. The central star will eventually collapse and become a white dwarf. What causes the colors that we can see when we view planetary nebula? The planetary nebula is the expanding outer shell of the red giant which is sloughed off as the core collapses to form the white dwarf. White Dwarfs & Planetary Nebulas White dwarfs are among the dimmest stars in the universe. Planetary Nebula + White Dwarf As an aging red supergiant becomes more and more luminous, the outer layers puff out more and more. It is about 100,000 times Earth gravity. It gets to the point where the star loses gravitational hold on its outer layers and they get pushed away the pressure exerted by … For a brief time, by the standards of stars (only about 50,000 years or so), the intense UV light emitted by the white dwarf is illuminating the material that used to be the outer layers of the star. How does the gravity on the surface of a white dwarf compare to the gravity on Earth? The planetary nebulas shown here are NGC 6543, also known as the Cat's Eye, NGC 7662, NGC 7009 and NGC 6826. These glowing ejecta are suspected to have been energized by a star that has now burned out and collapsed to a white dwarf. SuWt 2 consists of a bright, nearly edge-on glowing ring of gas. A planetary nebula forms from the same event that causes the white dwarf. Eventually they, like our Sun, will cool down, radiating heat into space and fading into black lumps of carbon. Stars that are comparable in mass to our Sun will become white dwarfs within 75,000 years of blowing off their envelopes. It gets to the point where the star loses gravitational hold on its outer layers and they get pushed away the pressure exerted by … In each case, X-ray emission from Chandra is colored purple and optical emission from the Hubble Space Telescope is colored red, green and blue. But the white dwarf is nowhere to be found. The white dwarf also plays a role in the fate of the ejected outer layers of the star. Even so, they have commanded the attention of astronomers ever since the first white dwarf was observed by optical telescopes in the middle of the 19th century. A planetary nebula does not become a white dwarf. Role in galactic enrichment It was created roughly 10,000 years ago, when a Sun-like star used up all the hydrogen at its core, started to cool and expand, growing by tens to hundreds of times its original size, and eventually expelled its outer layers to form the planetary nebula. The Red Rectangle Nebula, a 9th-magnitude proto-planetary nebula in Monoceros (RA 08 19 58, Dec -10 38 15) formed by gases ejected from an aging binary star system (HD 44179) at the center of the nebula. Planetary nebulae seem to mark the transition of a medium mass star from red giant to white dwarf. For a typical planetary nebula, about 10,000 years passes between its formation and recombination of the resulting plasma.

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