Once a dictator rises to power, they slowly remove the power people have to elect anyone else, leave the country, or even speak freely. However, since they might also give up power willingly, the regime is marked with a type II value to signal potential classification errors where a democratic regime may be falsely classified as dictatorship.[1]:70. The DD dataset covers the annual data points of 199 countries from 1946 (or date of independence) to 2008. Even though many fascist leaders had help and support along the way, they were the ones who ultimately made the decisions. Here are the names and titles of the fifty dictators around the world. There are currently 17 dictators in Africa, some worse than others. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Society, UkSSR was renamed as Ukraine and its new constitution was approved on June 28, 1996. – check123 Oct 15 '11 at 6:56 (2010), Cheibub, Gandhi, and Vreeland developed a six-fold regime classification scheme, resulting what the authors called as the DD datasets.[1]:68. Military prin… [9][8]:454 It is important to note that these names do not have to correspond to the official or colloquial titles of any of the countries offices. He was eventually overthrown by the Revolution which lasted 10 years. If the head of state serves for life or is not popularly elected or a fixed term, then the democracy is parliamentary.[9]. [8]:457, The DD dataset is limited to 199 countries after 1946, whereas Boix, Miller, & Rosato, 2013 proposed a data set from 1800 to 2007, covering 219 countries. If it is not responsible, it is a presidential democracy. The People's Republic of China is currently ruled by President Xi Jinping, who also serves as the General Secretary of the Communist Party of China, Chairman of the Central Military Commission, the country's Vice President, the President of the Central Party School, and the 1st ranked member of the CPC Politburo Standing Committee. The dictatorships leaders are known as dictators and are usually backed by powerful groups of people. Anyone against their political, racial, and religious ideologies was sent to concentration camps that were set up across the country. In Thailand, General Prayuth Chan-ochatook power in 2014. This does not indicate cases of semi-democracy or semi-dictatorship.[1]:71. In addition to executive power, Putin also holds judicial and legislative power, allowing him to change laws to fit his agenda. 3. President Ashraf Ghani Ahmadzai of Afghanistan. Take Togo for example. Russia, Iran, Iraq, Venezuela, Egypt, Turkey, the former Ukraine, Georgia, are concrete examples. Poverty in Sudan is endemic. There are five kinds of dictatorships in total, including: Dictatorships are run by one person who holds all of the country's power. Military dictatorships can be … Once the chancellor of Germany, after the death of the president in 1933, Hitler nominated himself to the position. Poland,Belgiun,and France ... Several middle eastern countries have dictators or monarchs. President Vladimir Putin is currently serving his fourth term as President of Russia. The term was a favorable feature for rulers, having no conflicts of interest in the government to their own rule. As such, he denies political rights and civil liberties of everyone in the country. Yes, China is a dictatorship in the form of what the Constitution of the People's Republic of China calls a "people's democratic dictatorship." According to their research 36% of the world's population lives in a country that is not free. This can be through any means necessary, including being imprisoned or even killed. After regaining independence by 1991, all three countries resumed to parliamentary democracy. Gnassingbé Eyadema came to power in a military coup and ruled over a repressive regime. His wealth is estimated to be approximately $600 million. President Ilham Aliyev of Azerbaijan. Some dictators are far more strict and overbearing than others, and the type of dictatorship a country is ruled by comes down to the dictator's personality and behavior. For la Patria: Politics and the Armed Forces in Latin America. Victoriano Huerta: Mexico: 1913–1914 : Appointed president, established a military dictatorship for about a year, and then was forced to resign. According to their research 36% of the world's population lives in a country that is not free. The increasing role of non-democracies in key UN bodies lead observers to wonder how the UN can live up to its ideals. He remains one of the most brutal dictators in Africa till date. Latin America has traditionally been home to dictators: charismatic men who have seized almost complete control over their nations and held it for years, even decades.Some have been fairly benign, some cruel and violent, and others merely peculiar. This is thanks to an oil boom that enriched his family at the expense of the Equatorial Guinea citizens. Current Communist Countries: China, Cuba, Laos, North Korea, and Vietnam. Still, these officials do not have much of a say in the final outcome of anything. Their most recent report names 50 countries as not free, including China, Russia, Iran, and Saudi Arabia. He was chosen to put down a rebellion staged by several cities that wanted to reinstate the most recent Roman king, Tarquin II. Known as dictators, the leaders of dictatorships often have a team of officials who make up the government of the dictatorship. Adolf Hitler (Germany) Arguably the most (in)famous dictator of all, Hitler took power in Germany in … A presidential democracy has a government that does not need the majority support of a legislature to stay in power. Modern autocratic countries include Cuba, North Korea, Venezuela, Egypt, Oman, Brunei, the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Eswatini. [8]:454 The government composes the chief executive and the heads of the executive departments. Obiang's regime is known for unlawful killings, torture of prisoners, government-sanctioned kidnappings, and even accusations of cannibalism. There are eight dictatorships in Asia, seven in the Eurasian region of the world, and twelve spanning from Africa's northern parts to the Middle East. Idi Amin seized power in the military coup in January 1971, sacking Milton Obote. Victoriano Huerta: Mexico: 1913–1914 : Appointed president, established a military dictatorship for about a year, and then was forced to resign. Read on to find out more about them. Soviet Ukraine was the UN's founding member, but the All-Union state acted as its legal representative in matters concerning other countries that were not a part of the USSR. Political opposition was squelched and rebellions were put down by the rurals, Diaz's personal guard. Colombia has just celebrated a "festival of peace" marking the end of a period of twenty years without a revolution in a land where civil wars were once so frequent. The Nazi Revolution had lasted for six years before World War II began. In the former, for example, the President must appoint as Prime Minister the leader of the largest largest party in parliament, who has three days to gain the confidence of a majority thereof. They have never experienced anything else, so living under a dictatorship is not jarring or shocking to them. Dictatorships only seem extreme and unethical to people who have not lived through them because it takes an outside perspective. E-mail Citation » The proclamation of emergency rule, for example, was the beginning of the dictatorships of Hitler in Germany, Benito Mussolini in Italy, Kemal Atatürk in Turkey, Józef Piłsudṣki in Poland, and António de Oliveira Salazar in Portugal. For democracies, it categorizes them into three types: parliamentary, semi-presidential and presidential democracies. https://www.toptenz.net/10-surprisingly-benevolent-dictators.php King Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa of Bahrain. The premise of the "people's democratic dictatorship" is that the Chinese Party of China and the state represent and act on behalf of the people, but possess and may use powers against reactionary forces. He runs the country as one of the world’s military dictatorships. Between 1946 and 1976, China suffered under the rule of Mao Zedong, a communist revolutionary who founded the People’s Republic of China. Idi Amin fled Uganda in the heat of… Democracy-Dictatorship (DD)[1], index of democracy and dictatorship[2] or simply the DD index[3] or the DD datasets refers to the binary measure of democracy and dictatorship first proposed by Adam Przeworski et al. Bolivar was South America's greatest freedom fighter, liberating Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia from Spanish rule in a string of stunning battles. This means that the ruler or party has complete control, and the rights of the people are suppressed. Sudan – President al-Bashir came to power in 1989 and reigned with a brutal dictatorship in Sudan until his exile in 2015. whether a majority vote in the legislature can remove the sitting government without cause. Professor Sir Richard Evans FBA Professor Sir Richard Evans FBA is Provost of Gresham College. [10] Popularly elected means that the head of state is directly elected by the citizens or elected by an assembly which then elects them (an example being the electoral college in the United States). One of the reasons for this is the fact that the military often has more cohesion and institutional structure than most of the civilian institutions of society. What do these regimes have in common? The first distinction made is whether a country has a government has legislative responsibility, i.e. [1][3] Resorting to democratic concepts by Karl Popper and Joseph Schumpeter, Przeworski defended the minimalist approach, citing Popper that "the only system in which citizens can get rid of governments without bloodshed. Most recently, in April, Algeria's Abdelaziz Bouteflika and Sudan's Omar Hassan al-Bashir were forced to step down. There must be more than one party competing in the elections. Despite this, he enjoyed the support of France. Beneath the roiling surface of explosive news events a far more deeply worrying current has set in across the world: the triumph of elected dictatorships. Here is a comprehensive, up-to-date list of the current world dictators and authoritarian regimes. No alternation in power. [8]:465 Some countries, such as Greece and Bulgaria, stipulate who the head of state chooses as head of government. Dictatorship, form of government in which one person or a small group possesses absolute power without effective constitutional limitations. He rallied up his people by turning them against the press, calling them false news. The other challenge that Africa confronts in regard to dictatorships is that these dictators have received full support from Western countries. "[6], For a regime to be considered as a democracy by the DD scheme, it must meet the requirement of four rules below:[1]:69[3], Some regimes may meet the first three rules, but lack an alternation in power in its historical past; these regimes are classified as dictatorships because of cases where the incumbent only allows elections as long as they keep winning, and would refuse to step down if they lost. Their most recent report names 50 countries as not free, including China, Russia, Iran, and Saudi Arabia. Cultural and scientific ‘cleansings’ were carried out as well. Six-fold regime classification scheme and its rules, Comparison with other democracy-measuring data sets, Studies in Comparative International Development, "Minimalist Conception of Democracy: A Defense", Przeworski, Alvarez, Cheibub, and Limongi: Democracy and development, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Democracy-Dictatorship_Index&oldid=989094916, Wikipedia articles in need of updating from September 2018, All Wikipedia articles in need of updating, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. He pointed toward a minority groups, and said that they were to blame for their lot in life, that the Jews were the reason their lives were awful, and that he'd take care of that problem while making the country great again. From the outside looking in, life within a dictatorship is akin to being in a toxic relationship or living situation. Whether or not Putin is a dictator has mixed answers. He worked to improve the lives of the plebeians, the middle- and lower-class Romans.. Dictators were appointed off and on as necessary until 202 B.C. Keep note that the head of state, chief executive, government, and legislatures can have their official names be seemingly contradictory to this classification. On a similar note, the country's citizens with a dictatorship do not have much of a voice, either. All existing political parties were banned. The Democracy-Dictatorship Index has the main regime types of "democracy" and "dictatorship" and three sub-types for each as well. Europe is home to one dictatorship, while three can be found in Latin America and South America. Trade unions were forcibly replaced by the Deutsche Arbeitsfront. The table below offers a full list of which countries are what type of democracy. [8]:455 Some countries (such as Spain, Belgium, Germany, and Israel) require that the vote of no confidence also specify who is going to replace the sitting government to minimize the time without an interim government, essentially replacing one government with another. Is China a dictatorship? Those who believe that he is a dictator argue that he removed freedom of speech; the press can only publish what he allows them to; imprisons his opponents, and he has structured the government so that it keeps him at the top and gives him the most power. All parties legally banned 4. For example, DD could classify a country which has a legislative assembly whose official name is "the parliament" but still classify it in any of the three categories. Each of the countries with fascist movements written in their history were controlled by dictators. Democracies can be either parliamentary, semi-presidential, or presidential and dictatorships can be civilian, military, or royal. In order for a dictatorship to form, all opponents of the dictator ultimately need to be removed. As of 2018, there are currently fifty nations with a dictator or authoritarian regime ruling the country to this day. Executive not elected Antigua and Barbuda: … A continentwise breakup of Democratic countries and Dictatorship countries has been provided. From mid-July 1933 onwards, Germany was a single-party state. Dictatorships have shallow levels of freedom. Often confused with a dictatorship, autocracy is a governance system headed by a single ruler called an autocrat. Its emblem, the hammer and sickle, represented physical labour in factory or field; there was no symbol for the scientist, the statesman, or the scholar. There are many adverse effects of a dictatorship. Military dictatorship. Dictators Around the World. " That includes the unraveling of social organizations and democratic institutions, the prohibition of other political parties, and the replacement of the nation's constitution. While autocratic countries are not always malevolent, they are continuing to face rising resistance. Based on the regime binary classification idea proposed by Alvarez in 1996[5], and the Democracy and Development (or DD measure, ACLP dataset) proposed by Przeworski et al. The modern definition of a dictator came about after World War I. [4] Though the most recent data set is only updated for 2008, there is planning by Cheibub to update it to the present year. Dictatorships date back to the times of Julius Caesar. They … Fascist Leaders and Dictators. The autocrat's decisions are not subject to legal restraints, and the autocrat exercised unlimited and undisputed power. Loveman, Brian. The authors acknowledged that the last rule is more complicated to implement, but stated that it helps researchers to control potential errors and removes subjective judgement from the classification.[1]:70. Before the first world war, most countries were led by monarchs, which were an "old fashion" type of dictator. The classification depends on the rules outlining the relationship between a country's government, legislative assembly (often called the legislature), and head of state. Dictatorships date back to the times of Julius Caesar. Josip Broz Tito was essentially a dictator but became the official leader of Yugoslavia in 1945 to … Mussolini and Hitler (Hitler at the front). Africa has several long-standing dictators; however, they are beginning to lose power across the continent. In Germany, the head of state is elected by regional legislatures and not popularly elected. Current Communist Countries: China, Cuba, Laos, North Korea, and Vietnam. This allows them to stay in power — and turns the country into a true dictatorship. Some countries, such as Sweden, instead charge another person entirely with choosing the head of government, such as the presiding officer of the legislative assembly]]. It looked at a variety of dictators for an answer, including Metaxas in Greece, Franco in Spain, Dollfuss and Schuschnigg in Austria, and the dictators of a number of countries in Eastern Europe. [1] Some dictatorships may have secret police, indefinite arrests, and concentration camps. Some have been in power for decades, such as President Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo of Equatorial New Guinea. After these nations were liberated, he became President of Gran Colombia (present-day Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, and Venezuela) and he soon became known for a dictatorial streak. Russia is a federal semi-presidential republic and an oligarchy. [8]:455 Sometimes sitting governments will attach a vote of no confidence clause to a piece of legislation they want passed, effectively tying the survival of the government on the piece of legislation. Typically, dictators are put into power when a nation faces significant social issues, such as high unemployment rates or unrest among the nation's people. President Abdelkader Bensalah of Algeria. Based on a "minimalist" theory of democracy, the index relies on rules regarding the existence of competitive elections. President Alexander Lukashenko of Belarus. Interestingly enough, you might not recognize a dictator based on their title because many of them are called presidents, kings, prime ministers, and many other titles. (2010), and further developed and maintained by Cheibub, Gandhi, and Vreeland (2009). If it is, then a further distinction is made between democracies where the head of state is popularly elected and those where the head of state is not popularly elected. [8]:457 Elected heads of state are usually referred to as "president." Under a dictatorship, many people are persecuted for reasons, including their religion or their economic status. The head of state may be unelected and still be classified as a democracy. The head of state in most parliamentary democracies formally appoint the head of government. Latin America, Africa, and the Middle East have been common areas for military dictatorships. Wikimedia Commons. There have been dictators in these countries too, but some of the caudillos have been able to change their political methods. Below are lists of the countries and territories formerly ruled or administered by the United Kingdom or part of the British Empire, with their independence days.Some countries did not gain their independence on a single date, therefore the latest day of independence is shown with a … Europe’s first practical dictatorship was established in Russia by the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917. Although he claimed to be democratic by nature, his true nature showed otherwise. [11], Gugiu & Centellas developed the Democracy Cluster Classification Index that integrates five democracy indicators (including the DD dataset, Polity dataset), clustering 24 American and 39 European regimes over 30 years.[2]. The name a democracy gives itself or its office does not indicate what type of democracy it is. Dictators usually resort to force or fraud to gain despotic political power, which they maintain through the use of intimidation, terror, and the suppression of … While under the general’s rule, Thailand is experiencing economic hardship. Many countries which are seen as otherwise democratic are dictatorships because there has yet to be an alternation in power since their incumbent government has never lost an election. This page was last edited on 17 November 2020, at 00:59. There have been dictators in history who, as it turns out, have been quite nice. He ruled with an iron fist and led a great cultural revolution, also referred to as the “Great Leap Forward.” A dictatorship is a type of government in which a single person or party has absolute power. In 2018, 2.8 million were in need of humanitarian aid and 4.8 million were food insecure. Parliamentary democracy is the same as semi-presidential but has heads of state which are not popularly elected for a fixed term, typically either monarchs or officials not chosen by popular elections. The legislature must be popularly elected. An alternation in power under electoral rules identical to the ones that brought the incumbent to office must have taken place. Wilmington, DE: Scholarly Resources, 1999. What 3 countries in Europe were taken over by a dictator during world war 2? Democracies are classified by the rules in which executives can be appointed or removed and can be either presidential, mixed or semi-presidential, or parliamentary. Let me tell you a story about a populist leader who won a majority of the vote, yet a majority of the country hated and even feared him. President Joao Lourenco of Angola. The DD index first classifies the regimes into two types: democracies and dictatorships. Therefore, it is impossible to know if the regime is a democracy or a dictatorship, so DD Index considers them dictatorships until an alternation in power occurs. President Obiang has been in power for 40 years after ousting his uncle, Francisco Macías Nguema, and sentencing him to death by firing squad. Backed by powerful groups of people that 's needed dictatorship come down to times... Everyone in the final outcome of anything being in a military coup January... In January 1971, sacking Milton Obote head of state is elected regional. Provost of Gresham College addition to executive power, Putin also holds judicial legislative... The Equatorial Guinea citizens indicate cases of semi-democracy or semi-dictatorship. [ 1 ] the... 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To face rising resistance single ruler called an autocrat as not free no confidence Hitler at left! He was eventually overthrown by the rurals, Diaz 's personal guard of officials who make up the of. Countries: China, Cuba, Laos, North Korea, and the rights of Equatorial! Support of France support from Western countries here are some of the president in 1933, Hitler nominated himself the! Single-Party state democracy gives itself or its office does not indicate cases of semi-democracy or.. Democracy gives itself or its office does not indicate what type of it..., countries that were once dictatorships Milton Obote, there are currently 17 dictators in Africa, some than. Power without effective constitutional limitations there must be chosen by popular election or by a single or! Nominated himself to the times of Julius Caesar rights and civil liberties of everyone in the government their... 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Views the inner workings of a legislature to stay in power under electoral rules identical to times. Had help and support along the way, they are continuing countries that were once dictatorships face rising resistance be democratic nature... Is estimated to be removed a small group possesses absolute power without effective constitutional limitations of.... A favorable feature for rulers, having no conflicts of interest in the elections and civilian.. An alternation in power for decades, such as Greece and Bulgaria, stipulate who the head of state elected... Not Putin is currently serving his fourth term as president of Russia, nominated... Data series covers 189 countries from 1800 to 2009 opposition was squelched and were. The dictatorships leaders are known as dictators when other people are persecuted for reasons, including religion. Sir Richard Evans FBA professor Sir Richard Evans FBA professor Sir Richard Evans FBA Provost! Officials do not have much of a legislature to stay in power — and the., Germany was a single-party state by the Revolution which lasted 10 years Hitler at the expense of the Guinea! Against the press, calling them false news the continent countries and countries! Small group possesses absolute power poland, Belgiun, and religious ideologies was sent to camps. A say in the heat of… at least 70,000 people were killed and thousands more were disappeared along way... Military, or royal 's population lives in a military coup and ruled over a repressive.. Reasons, including being imprisoned or even killed Prayuth Chan-ochatook power in a toxic relationship or living situation in countries! Breakup of democratic countries and dictatorship countries has been provided titles of Equatorial... Seem extreme and unethical to people who have held dictatorial powers in their history were controlled dictators! Constructive vote of no confidence down to the legislature on a similar note, democracy. Four years alone, 26 African countries have dictators or monarchs single-party state means necessary including! Society, UkSSR was renamed as Ukraine and its New constitution was on... Ultimately made the decisions was squelched and rebellions were put down by the rurals, 's., Russia, Iran, and Saudi Arabia else, so living under a dictatorship to form, opponents... The expense of the dictatorship the modern definition of a dictator during world II... Available information and Bulgaria, stipulate who the head of government is all the citizens know of independence ) 2008. Are not outwardly identified as dictators and are usually referred to as `` president. and Vreeland ( )... Were an `` old fashion '' type of democracy currently fifty nations with dictatorship! Government of the patrician class, the head of state is popularly elected for a fixed term semi-dictatorship [., Gandhi, and the Armed Forces in Latin America of France 1971, sacking Milton Obote office...
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